A Handbook of Writing Skills
This book has been taken from our book
of the same name. It has been
designed to
address a serious problem in writing skills in Papua New
Guinea Schools.
That is that
students are unable to write complex sentences with use
of connectors
and avoidance of repeated words. They write simple
baby talk.
Students should go through exercises on this report until thoroughly
familiar with every pattern. It will improve and polish their writing
skill.
Teachers and parents please give this report to young people in your
care. It makes a difference.
It may help readers in Russia, Indonesia, Australia, United States and
many others. Some may not be used to polishing their second language
English.
NORMAN SIKE INSTITUTE
1.1.
I work in Lae. I live at Nadzab. I arrive at my workplace
at 8.00am
Working in Lae, I live at Nadzab and arrive at my workplace
at 8.00am
I work in Lae and live at Nadzab, arriving at my workplace
at 8.00am
1.2 He
travelled across the country. He bought produce. He
sold produce in the towns.
He travelled across the country and bought produce to be sold
in the towns.
He travelled across the country buying produce to sell in the
towns.
Travelling across the country, he bought produce to be sold in
the
towns.
1.3 I studied
at university. I wanted to become a doctor. I wanted
to help people.
I studied at university to become a doctor and help people.
1.4 I had come
to town. I had walked for many hours. I was very
tired.
I had come to town having walked for many hours and was
very tired.
1.5 He had walked for many miles. He sat by the old tree. He
waited
for the bus to come.
Having walked for many miles, he sat by the old tree, waiting
for the bus to come.
He had walked for many miles and sat by the old tree, waiting
for the bus to come.
1.6 He opened
the door. He went inside. He put the package
on the table.
He opened the door, went inside and put the box on the table.
Opening the door, he went inside and put the box on the table.
1.7. The old man
sat by the river. He had sat by the river for many
years. He waited patiently for the fish to come.
The old man sat by the river as he had done for many years,
waiting
for the fish to come.
Sitting by the river as he had done for many years, the old
man
waited for the fish to come.
1.8 I work as a
cleaner. I put out the rubbish. I sweep the factory
floor.
I work as a
cleaner, putting out rubbish and sweeping the
factory
floor.
Working as a cleaner, I put out rubbish and sweep the factory
floor.
1.9 She arrived
at the house. She opened the door. She went
inside.
She arrived at the house, opened the door and went inside.
Arriving at the house, she opened the door and went inside.
1.10 He opened his
eyes. He smiled at his family. He died.
He opened his eyes,
smiled at his family and died.
Opening his eyes, he smiled at his family and died.
1.11 He held the rope . He told his friend not to
be afraid. He said
that help was coming.
He held the rope and told his friend not to be afraid as
help was coming
Holding the rope, he told his friend not to be afraid and
that help was coming
1.12 He looked
out the window. He saw a ship. It was on
the horizon
He looked out the window and saw a ship on the horizon
Looking out the window, he saw a ship on the horizon.
1.13 She opened
her eyes. She smiled. She asked for a glass
of water.
She opened her eyes, smiled and asked for a glass of water.
Opening her eyes, she smiled and asked for a glass of water.
2.1 Birds come
back to their nesting sites. They find their
mates. They produce their young.
Birds come back to their nesting site to find their mates
and produce their young.
Coming back to their nesting sites, birds find their mates.
and produce their young.
2.2 He was a
great king. He gave land to the poor. He built
water canals. He brought farming to the desert.
He was a great king who gave land to the poor, built water
canals and brought farming to the desert.
He was a great king with land given to the poor, water canals
built and farming brought to the desert.
2.3 I graduated
from Grade 10. I had credits in English and
Social Science. I had upper passes in mathematics.
I graduated
from Grade 10 with credits in English and Social
Science
with upper passes in Mathematics.
Graduating
from Grade 10 he had credits in English and Social
Science
with upper passes in Mathematics.
2.4 He
had nowhere to sleep. He looked for a dry place. It
had to be secure from intruders.
He had nowhere to sleep and looked for a dry place secure from
intruders.
With nowhere to sleep, he looked for a dry place that had
to be secure from intruders.
2.5 She hoped to be chosen as a candidate. She
prepared a
detailed resume. It included referees. It included a
summary
of part-time work.
She hoped to be chosen as a candidate and prepared a detailed
resume that
included referees and a summary of part-time work.
Hoping to be chosen as a candidate, she prepared a detailed
resume that included referees and a summary of part-time work.
2.6 He did not know what to do. He sent a message
to his
friend. He sought his advice.
He did not know what to do and sent a message to his friend
seeking his
advice.
Not knowing
what to do, he sent a message to his friend to seek
his advice.
2.7 He was a man.
People would come to him. They would seek
his advice.
He was a man to whom people would come to seek his advice.
2.8 It was a tree.
People would sit under the tree. They would
eat their lunch.
It was a tree under which people would sit to eat their lunch.
2.9 There was a
large river. People built bridges across the river.
They would take their produce to market.
There was a large river across which people built bridges to
take their produce to market.
2.10 There was a
beautiful lake. The settlers built a town around
the lake. They lived there for many centuries.
There was a beautiful lake around which the settlers built a
town
and lived there for many centuries.
2.11 He bought a
beautiful horse. He had paid much money for
the horse.
He bought a beautiful horse for which he had paid much money.
2.12 There was a
hotel in the valley. It had a large roof. Across the
top was the word “Hotel”.
There was a hotel in the valley with a large roof, across the
top of
which was the word “Hotel”.
2.13 The old man
was his employer. He had worked for him for
many years.
The old man was his employer for whom he had worked for many
years.
2.14 The problem
has not been solved. Power failures still
occur. There are breakdowns in power stations. Power lines
have been damaged in the floods.
The problem has not been solved with electricity failures
still occurring, breakdowns in power stations and power
lines damaged in the floods.
2.15 The Bolivian
Government failed. Extensive poverty existed
in rural areas. Violence raged in rural areas. Corruption
caused
services to cease.
The Bolivian Government failed with extensive poverty existing,
violence raging in
rural areas and corruption causing services to
cease.
2.16 The weather
news for the weekend is not happy. High winds
will bring rough seas. Heavy rain will cause even greater
flooding.
The weather news for the weekend is not happy with high winds
bringing rough seas and heavy rain causing even greater
flooding.
2.17 Arrival of
the Queen has brought great joy. The people crowded
the streets. Children danced in the show grounds. Flags
fluttered from
buildings.
Arrival of the Queen has brought great joy with people
crowding
the streets, children dancing in the show grounds and flags
fluttering from buildings
3.1 He was sick. He was tired. He was hungry.
He
was sick, tired and hungry.
3.2 I saw Paul. I saw John. I saw Peter.
I
saw Paul, John and Peter.
3.3 It was red. It was yellow. It was green.
It
was red, yellow and green.
3.4 He
was my brother. He was my friend.
He was
my brother and friend.
3.5 He
looked out the window. He saw a ship. It was
on the horizon.
He
looked out the window and saw a ship on the horizon.
Looking
out the window, he saw a ship on the horizon.
3.6 He
was an old man. He had a walking stick. He had a
long
white beard.
He was an old man with a walking stick and long white
beard.
3.7 He
had no fear. He rushed into a building. He had to
save
a child.
He
had no fear and rushed into the building to save a child.
With no fear, he rushed into a building
to save a child.
3.8 It was a lovely day. The sun was shining.
The birds
were
singing.
It
was a lovely day with the sun shining and birds singing.
3.9 It was a happy reunion. Families gathered
together.
Children
were laughing.
It was a happy reunion with
families gathering together
and children laughing.
3.10 She was a beautiful woman. She had long
hair. She had
a sweet smile.
She was a beautiful woman
with long hair and a sweet smile.
3.11 She saw the baby. It was hungry. It was
crying.
She saw the baby, hungry and crying.
3.12 They were expelled. They were told they
could
not
return.
They
were expelled and told not to return.
Expelled,
they were told not to return.
3.13 He reached forward. He took hold of the
rope. He
pulled
it. This would make the boat steady.
He reached forward, took hold of the rope and pulled it to make
the boat steady.
Reaching forward, he took hold of the rope and pulled it to make the
boat steady.
3.14 The girl saw the accident. She cried. She
tried to rescue
the
child. He was trapped in the car.
The girl saw the accident, cried and tried to rescue the child
trapped in the car.
Seeing the accident, the girl cried and tried to rescue the
child trapped in the car.
3.15 He did not know what to do. He called the
police. He reported
the accident.
He did not know what to do and called the police to report the accident.
Not knowing what to do, he called the police to report the
accident.
3.16 He gave no word. He left the house. He
placed a letter on the table.
He
gave no word but left the house having placed a letter on the table.
Giving
no word, he left the house having placed a letter on the table.
4.1 I saw Peter. I saw
Paul. I saw Mary.
I saw Peter, Paul and Mary.
4.2 I bought an apple. I
bought an orange. I bought a banana.
I bought an
apple, orange and banana.
4.3 I opened the door. I
went inside. I put a letter on the table.
I opened the door, went inside and put a letter on the
table.
Opening the door, I went inside and put a letter on the
table.
4.4 I
spoke to my father. I told him news. It was about the death
of
our friend.
I spoke to my father and told him news about
the death of our friend.
Speaking
to my father, I told him news about the death of our friend.
4.5 He lowered his head. He
cried. He put his face in his hands.
He lowered his head, cried and put his face in his hands.
Lowering his head, he cried and put his face in his hands.
4.6 She opened her eyes. She
smiled. She went back to sleep.
She opened her eyes, smiled and went back to sleep.
Opening her eyes, she smiled and went back to sleep.
4.7. He was a cleaner. He
swept the floor. He emptied the rubbish.
He was a cleaner who swept the floor and emptied the
rubbish.
As a cleaner, he swept the floor and emptied the rubbish.
4.8 She lived in Lae. She worked at Nadzab. She travelled by
company
bus.
She lived in Lae and worked at Nadzab, travelling by company
bus.
Living in Lae, she worked at Nadzab, travelling by company bus.
4.9 He was a good leader. He gave land to the
poor. He stopped
corruption.
He was a good leader who gave land to the poor and stopped
corruption.
A good leader, he gave land to the poor and stopped corruption
4.10 He was a strong man. He was healthy. He was
able to
withstand
pain.
He was
a strong man, healthy and able to withstand pain.
A
strong man, he was healthy and able to withstand pain.
4.11 He
had been a strong boy in his youth. He could still climb
mountains and
carry cargo.
He
had been a strong boy in his youth who could climb
mountains
and carry cargo.
A
strong boy in his youth, he could climb mountains and carry
cargo.
4.12
He had no money. He went to the bank. He wanted to ask
for
a loan.
He had no money and went to the bank to ask for a loan.
Having no money, he went to the bank to ask for a loan.
4.13
He was tired. He sat at the roadside. He waited for the
bus
to come.
He was tired and sat at the roadside, waiting for the bus to come.
Being tired, he sat at the roadside, waiting for the bus to come.
RUMPLESKILSKIN
13.1 Once upon a time in a far away land there
was a shoe maker.
He lived in a
shop in a village in a forest. He lived with his wife
and beautiful
daughter Anna.
Once upon a time in a far away land there was a shoe maker
who
lived in a shop in a village in a forest with his wife and
beautiful
daughter Anna.
13.2 Every day he would sit outside his shop. He
would tell stories
with his friends.
He would boast of great deeds he had done.
Every day he would sit outside his shop and tell stories with
his
friends boasting of great deeds he had done.
13.3 He would tell of how he killed a giant. The
giant would come
to attack the
village He would carry away the maidens.
He
would tell of how he killed a giant who would come
to
attack the village and carry away the maidens.
13.4 He cut down a large tree. The tree fell on
the giants head.
It killed him
instantly. It crushed his great body into the dirt.
He cut down a large tree that fell on the
giants head,
killing
him instantly and crushing his great body into
the
dirt.
13.5 One day he was boasting to his friends .
He told them of
how he changed straw into gold.
It filled his
house. It made him a rich man.
One day he was boasting to his friends of how he changed
straw
into gold that filled his house and made him a rich man.
13.6 On that day a troop of the king’s soldiers
came to the village.
They heard
him. He was talking about changing straw
into gold.
On that day a troop of the king’s soldiers
came to the village
and
heard him talking about changing straw into gold.
13.7 On their return to the palace they told the
king of a man
He changed straw
into gold. He lived in the forest with his family.
On their return to the palace they told the
king of a man who
changed
straw into gold and lived in the forest with his family.
13.8 The king told them to bring the man to him.
They were to fill
a room with straw.
This was for him
to do the magic deed.
The king told them to bring the man to him
and fill a
room
with straw for him to do the magic deed.
13.9 The shoemaker was afraid to stand before the
king.
He was afraid to
tell the truth. He said he could do it.
The shoemaker was afraid to stand before the
king and
tell
the truth so he said he could do it.
13.10 The king told him that he must not fail.
His daughter
would be taken from him.
She would be put
to work in the kitchen of the palace.
The king told him that he must not fail as
his daughter
would
be taken from him and put to work in the kitchen of
the
palace.
13.11 The shoemaker sat in the room.
He cried. He was
afraid to lose his daughter.
The shoemaker sat in the room and cried, afraid to
lose
his daughter.
13.12 But a little man appeared.
He told the
shoemaker not to worry.
He could change
straw into gold.
13.12 But a little man appeared and told the
shoemaker
not to
worry as he could change straw into gold.
13.13 In the morning the doors opened.
The king stood in
amazement.
He saw the piles
of gold.
In the morning the doors opened and the king
stood
in
amazement to see the piles of gold.
13.14 He put him
in a bigger room.
Once again the
little man appeared.
He turned the
straw into gold.
He put him in a bigger room and once again the little
man
appeared and turned the straw into gold.
MY LIFE AS A TEACHER
14.1 I am a teacher at Salamaua High School.
I
have been here for 15 years.
I
have lived with my husband.
I
looked after our three children.
I
am a teacher at Salamaua High School and been
here
for 15 years living with my husband and looking
after
our three children.
14.2 I am from Nasigelatu village. It
is in the Finschhafen area.
I
attended Dregerhafen High School. I graduated in grade 10.
I
am from Nasigelatu village in the Finschhafen area and
attended
Dregerhafen High School, graduating in grade 10.
14.3 My parents sent me to Bugandi High School. Here
I stayed
and
completed grade 12. I gained distinctions in English and
Social
Science.I had credits in Maths and Science.
My
parents sent me to Bugandi High School where I stayed and
completed
grade 12, gaining distinctions in English and Social
Science with
credits in Maths and Science.
14.4 My parents were very happy. I
gained a place at Goroka
Teachers’
College. Here
I studied. I
met the man I would
marry.
My
parents were very happy that I gained a place at Goroka
Teachers’
College where I studied and met the man I would
marry.
14.5 My husband-to-be looked after me. He
helped me with my
study. He
made sure that I was happy. He even accompanied
me
when I went into town.
My
husband-to-be looked after me, helping me with my study
and
making sure that I was happy, even accompanying me when
I went
into town.
14.6 He was studying to be a physical education
teacher.
He
was one year ahead of me. This meant that he would
graduate
before I did.
He
was studying to be a physical education teacher and
one
year ahead of me which meant that he would graduate
before
I did.
14.7 In my last year I was alone. I
stayed quietly and studied.
I
knew that my man was living in Salamaua. He was a teacher
at
the high school.
In
my last year I was alone, staying quietly and studying, knowing
that my
man was living in Salamaua as a teacher
at the high school.
14.8 There were no mobile phones in those days. This
meant that
I
had to wait until he went to Lae. He would do his shopping. He
would
call me on the public phone.
There
were no mobile phones in those days which meant that I
had to
wait until he went to Lae to do his shopping and would call
me on
the public phone.
14.9 The big day came. I graduated with a Diploma
in Education.
I
was soon posted to Salamaua High School. I had requested this.
The
big day came and I graduated with a Diploma in Education,
soon
posted to Salamaua High School as requested.
14.10 My husband and I were married within a month.
We
settled into a school house.We started our life together.
We
worked in the same school.
My
husband and I were married within a month and settled
into a
school house to start our life together working in the same
school.
14.11 Within a year, we had a son. We
called him John. He was the
light
of our lives. He
soon attended the local primary school.
Within
a year, we had a son we called John who was the light
of our
lives and soon attended the local primary school.
14.12 Now we have three children. Each
is a very special child.
We
are most proud of them.
Now
we have three children, each a very special child
of whom
we are proud.
This section sets out larger exercises that give students
practice in writing
Small elegant stories using complex sentences rather than
baby talk.
Most of these
stories have been taken from the Young Life supplement of
The National
newspaper.
MASTERY ESSAY WRITING
My family
My name is John. I live in a village.
It is a small village. It is a village near the river. It is the Sepik River. I
live with my mother and my father. My mother works in the gardens. My father
works in Wewak. I have two brothers and two sisters. My brothers and sisters go
to school. It is a small school. It is near the village. I go to school too.
My name is John. I live in
a small village with my family near the Sepik River. My mother works in the
gardens while my father is employed in Wewak. I go to a small school near he
village with my brothers and sisters.
My one week holiday
During my holiday, I spent at Kikut in
East New Britain. I was very happy to take part in my religious activity. It
was children’s day. I perform to read in front of many church members. There
were many children.
I spent my holiday at
Kikut in East New Britain and took part in a religious activity on children’s
day, reading in front of many church members with their children.
Hunting a big bird
Last Friday
afternoon two of my friend and I went hunting for birds.
We hunt and
hunt but we did not kill any bird.
Suddenly one of
my friends saw a big brown bird
And started to
shout “A bird, A big bird”.
We took out our
catapult and chased the bird.
I took a stone
and put it in my catapult and shot it on its eye
And it fell
down and died.
We took it home
and cooked it nicely and ate it.
Last Friday afternoon, I went hunting for
birds with two friends. We saw none until a big brown bird appeared. After
chasing the bird, I shot it in the eye with a stone from my catapult. We took
it home, cooked it nicely and ate it.
We played soccer on Ela Beach.
During my
holidays, I went down to the beach with my friend.
Both of us were
playing soccer on the beach.
We were joined
by four other boys and we playing on the beach.
After playing, we went down to the sea
and swam in the
sea until we were so hungry.
We went home at
5 pm.
That is my
story.
During
the holidays, I went to the beach with my friend and played soccer with four other
boys. We swam until hungry and went home at 5pm.
We did not think the river Tuman was
flooded.
It was Saturday
afternoon. The sun was very hot.
I and two of my
best friends decided to go to the river called Kuman.
We did not
think that it rained and the river was flooding.
We dived into
the deep part of the river
While two of my
best friends were diving.
I was in the
middle of the river.
I thought that
this was the end of my life.
The two of my
best friends were busy diving in the river.
But one of my
brothers his name was Anderson,
he saw me sink
in the river.
So he came and
got me out from the river.
I was happy
with my big brother
and said thank
you to him.
Because otherwise I will die in the river.
It
was Saturday afternoon and the sun was very hot.
I
went to the Kuman River with two of my best friends
We
did not think that it rained and the river was flooding so
we
dived into the deep part.
I was
in the middle of the river and thought that this was the
end
of my life. The friends were busy diving and did not see me.
My
brother Anderson rescued me. I thanked him for saving me
from drowning
in the river.
Our drama
On Monday, our
teacher told us to make a drama
and present it
on Friday.
Lloyd, Joshua,
Lincon, Pindon and me
we decided to
be in a group.
We wrote all
our names and give it to our teacher.
Our teacher
said OK and we went out to practise our drama.
Every day after
lesson, our teacher sent us out to practise.
On Thursday, we
went inside the classroom and
decide what we
will bring tomorrow.
Next day, we all came to school and our teacher told us
that we will do
our presentation after lunch.
After lunch we
went at the back of the class and dress up.
We went inside
the classroom.
Our teacher
said if your group was ready
you can do your
presentation.
We went up the
front of the class and Joshua introduced us.
Then we presented
our drama.
On
Monday, our teacher told us to make a drama
and
present it on Friday. I was in a group with
Lloyd,
Joshua, Lincon and Pindon.
We
wrote our names to give to our teacher who allowed
us to
go out and practise our drama. At the end of every day,
we
were sent out to rehearse.
On
Thursday, we went met and decided what we would
bring
tomorrow. Next day, our teacher told us to do our
presentation
after lunch.
The
time came and we went to the back of the class to dress
up. We
began our presentation at the front of the class after
Joshua
introduced us.
Reading the Bible
One day, our
teacher said OK students take out your Bible and we took
out our Bible
and he said find Psalm 1; 1-6. And I did not know how to
find it. I was
scared and my friends were confident but I did not give up.
And I said
please lord help me to find it and it came true and I read it
loud and clear
to my supervisor and he said well done son. You just
passed the
test.
One
day, our teacher told the students to take out our Bible and turn to
Psalm
1; 1-6. I did not know how to find it
and was scared but did not give
up. I
asked the Lord help me to find the page and it came true. I read it
loud
and clear to my supervisor who told me it was well done. I had just
passed
the test.
My brother went hunting
My brother went
hunting in the forest. He saw a pig. The pig was walking on the ground. The pig
was eating the worms. He shot the pig and killed it. He went back to the house
and told father and mother that he had killed a pig in the forest. Father and
mother were very happy.,
My brother went hunting in the forest and
saw a pig walking and eating worms. He shot and killed it. Going back to the
house, he told father and mother what he had done. They were very happy.
My job in Wewak.
I had finished grade 10. I decided to apply for a job
at Big Rooster Chicken. I addressed the letter of application to the Manager.
He was at the headquarters in Badili. I set out my school results. I told of my
time at high school. I was a prefect, player in the football team and member of
the Student Representative Council. I was successful. I was employed at the
store at Gerehu.
Having finished grade 10, I decided to apply
for a job at Big Rooster Chicken,
addressing the letter of application to the Manager at the headquarters
in Badili. I set out my school results and told of my time at high school as a
prefect, player in the football team and member of the Student Representative
Council. I was successful and employed at the store at Gerehu.
Promotion in my job
I had worked in my job for 4 years. I became chief sales
clerk. My job was to check the invoices each day. I had to prepare a statement
of incoming sales. The supervisor then retired. He left a position for
promotion. I was surprised. I was offered the job. I was given a rise in pay. I
was appointed to look after the stores accounts.
Having worked in my job for 4 years, I
became chief sales clerk whose job was to check the invoices each day and
prepare a statement of incoming sales. The supervisor then retired, leaving a
position for promotion. To my surprise, I was offered the job, given a rise in
pay and appointed to look after the stores accounts.
I worked in this job for 6 years. I was transferred to
the store in Lae. Here I stayed for two more years. Then I resigned. I returned
to my village. I took up farming on my land. My father left this land to me. It
was very hard work. My father had been sick. He did not develop the farm. He
allowed squatters to move in. They took over. They spoiled the farm.
After working in this job for 6 years, I was
transferred to the store in Lae and stayed for two more years before resigning
and returning to my village to take up farming on the land that my father had
left to me. It was very hard work as my father had been sick and did not
develop the farm but allowed squatters to move in. They took over and spoiled
the farm.
My son studied at the local high school. He graduated
in grade 10. He had distinctions in mathematics and science. He wanted to study
at the University of Papua New Guinea. He wanted to become an engineer. I was
able to pay his fees to National High School. I had worked on the farm. I
raised chickens and pigs. These were sold at the markets in town. My son
completed grade 12. He found a place at the university. He is studying now.
My son studied at the local high school,
graduating in grade 10 with distinctions in mathematics and science. He wanted
to study at the University of Papua New Guinea to become an engineer.
I was able to pay his fees to National High
School, having worked on the farm, raising chickens and pigs that were sold at
the markets in town. My son completed grade 12 and found a place at the
university where he is studying now.
ADVANCED
MASTERY WRITING
Mobile phones should be banned at
school.
In the last decade, the use of mobile phones has increased
rapidly across the world. Billions of
phones and phone calls are made hourly. This has made life easy for us all. It
has provided problems for people. The mobile phone has been misused.
In the last decade, the use of mobile phones has
increased rapidly across the world with billions of phones and phone calls made
hourly. This has made life easy for us all but provided problems for people
through misuse of the mobile phone.
People have caused problems with calls at wrong times. Phones
have rung in church, civil court and in schools. Passengers on aircraft are
banned from having their phones turned on during flight times. There is the
danger of interference of phones to the electronic systems of the aircraft.
People have caused problems with calls at wrong
times and phones rung in church, civil court and in schools. Passengers on
aircraft are banned from having their phones turned on during flight times with
the danger of interference of phones to the electronic systems of the aircraft.
Many young people have phones of their own. These have been
bought often by parents to keep contact, particularly on the way to and from
school. There are dangers for boys and girls. Criminals who may want to steal
the phone and money. They may want to take the young person away. They may
stage a hold up on the road or in a bus.
Many young people have phones of their own, bought
often by parents to keep contact, particularly on the way to and from school.
There are dangers for boys and girls with criminals who may want to steal the
phone and money or take the young person away by staging a hold up on the road
or in a bus.
Should the age of
consent be lowered?
At present in Papua New Guinea, the age of consent is 18
years. That means that a young person is a child until that time and cannot
give consent to sex. The ages of consent across the world have varied from
nation to nation and from time to time.
At present in Papua New Guinea, the age of consent
is 18 years which means that a young person is a child until that time and
cannot give consent to sex. The ages of consent across the world have varied
from nation to nation and from time to time.
Before the last century, the age of consent stood at very young
ages. Girls were able to give consent at 13 years old. But this has changed.
There is now pressure of women’s groups. They have argued that a young girl has
much to do in her teenage years apart from having babies.
Before the last century, the age of consent stood
at very young ages with girls able to give consent at 13 years old. But this
has changed with pressure of women’s groups who have argued that a young girl
has much to do in her teenage years apart from having babies.
She needs to go to school. She needs to receive an education.
It may take her as high as she wants. She should be able to seek employment in
a variety of occupations and professions.
She needs to go to school and receive an education
that takes her as high as she wants. She should be able to seek employment in a
variety of occupations and professions.
The Moslem world sees the young girl as having a place only
in the home. She is not to go to school. She is not to seek employment. She
needs permission of her father and brothers. Girls are being punished by
Islamist rebels in northern Nigeria. Some girls have recently been kidnapped
from school.
The Moslem world sees the young girl as having a
place only in the home. She is not to go to school nor seek employment without
permission of her father and brothers. Girls are being punished by Islamist
rebels in northern Nigeria with some recently kidnapped from school.
But the Christian world sees the rights of young girls
differently. She has the right to follow her own life. This brings its own
problems even in Papua New Guinea. Young girls go out to discos and drink beer
and homebrew. They seek men by mobile phones.
But the Christian world sees the rights of young
girls differently with the right to follow her own life. This brings its own
problems even in Papua New Guinea with young girls going out to discos,
drinking beer and homebrew and seeking men by mobile phones.
Hand in hand with the age of consent is the legal concept of informed
consent. A small child cannot give informed consent on sex. This person has no
idea of what sex is. But a young teenager has seen much. The teenager is able
to give informed consent.
Hand in hand with the age of consent is the legal
concept of informed consent. A small child cannot give informed consent on sex
having no idea of what sex is. But a young teenager has seen much to be able to
give informed consent.
There are men’s groups who seek sex with young girls and boys.
They search for them in internet chat rooms. They argue that a modern child has
informed consent. They learned about sex at school.
There are men’s groups who seek sex with young
girls and boys and search for them in internet chat rooms. They argue that a
modern child has informed consent,
having learned about sex at school.
But the fact remains that sexual practice is dangerous. There
is the pandemic of HIV/AIDS. It is ever present in the world. Children need the
maturity to make their own decisions. They should not be pushed into sex by
older persons. The age of consent should not be lowered below 18 years.
But the fact remains that sexual practice is
dangerous with the pandemic of HIV/AIDS ever present in the world. Children
need the maturity to make their own decisions and not be pushed into sex by
older persons. The age of consent should not be lowered below 18 years.
In some countries there are legislations known as the Romeo
and Juliet laws. A young child under the age of consent cannot be taken to
Court for sex. They may have had sex with another child equally under the age
of consent.
In some countries there are laws known as the Romeo
and Juliet laws under which a young child under the age of consent cannot be
taken to Court for sex with another child equally under the age of consent.
Australia’s Heritage The Making of a
Nation Part 69
Headlines across the world
proclaimed Britain’s declaration of war. It occurred when German troops crossed
the border into Belgium. It followed the German ultimatum. German troops were to be allowed to pass
through that country to France.
Headlines
across the world proclaimed Britain’s declaration of war that occurred when
German troops crossed the border into Belgium, following the German ultimatum that their troops be
allowed to pass through that country to France.
Australia heard the news. The
Australian Government gave support. Australia offered troops to Britain. In
1914, the Irish News competed with Australian politics. There was a Federal
election campaign being conducted.
On
hearing the news, the Australian
Government gave support and offered troops to Britain. In 1914, the Irish News competed
with Australian politics while a Federal election campaign was being conducted.
Austria- Hungary was in a
state of decline. It tried to exert its power over Germany. Germany was united
as a nation only 40 years before. In 1914, a Serbian named Princip chose to
prove his patriotism. He shot and killed Franz Ferdinand. He was heir to the
Austria-Hungary throne. He and his wife were being driven in state through the
streets of Sarajevo.
In a
state of decline, Austria Hungary tried to exert its power over Germany united
as a nation only 40 years before. In 1914, a Serbian named Princip chose to
prove his patriotism by shooting and killing Franz Ferdinand, heir to the
Austria-Hungary throne as he and his wife were being driven in state through
the streets of Sarajevo.
Serbia and Austria-Hungary
were championed by Russia and Germany. Russia was allied to France. In turn,
France had an understanding with Britain. The wheels of war had begun to
turn. The wheels gathered momentum, It
made the advance to war more difficult to stop.
Serbia
and Austria-Hungary were championed by Russia and Germany with Russia allied to
France which in turn, had an understanding with Britain. The wheels of war had
begun to turn and gather momentum, making the advance to war more difficult to
stop.
The German Kaiser ordered his
generals to turn their eastern army around. It
would not be sent further against the Russians. It showed his
unrealistic grasp of events. The German army began marching into Belgium. The
neutrality of Belgium had been guaranteed by Germany, France and Britain.
The
German Kaiser ordered his generals to turn their eastern army around and not be
sent further against the Russian which showed his unrealistic grasp of events. The
German army began marching into Belgium, the neutrality of which had been
guaranteed by Germany, France and Britain.
There was some hesitation. The
British Government called on Germany. It wanted Germany to respect Belgium’s
neutrality. It wanted the German fleet
out of the English channel. No answer was received from Berlin. Britain
declared war on 1 August 1914.
There
was some hesitation but the British Government called on Germany to respect
Belgium’s neutrality and keep the German
fleet out of the English channel. With no answer received from Berlin, Britain
declared war on 1 August 1914.
The British Foreign Secretary
observed the lamps of London being doused. He said that the lights of Europe
were going out. These would never be relit. The Royal Australian Navy was
ordered to stand by. Precautionary measures were adopted. Officers were alerted
to impose complete censorship.
The
British Foreign Secretary observed the lamps of London being doused and said that
the lights of Europe were going out, never to
be relit. The Royal Australian Navy was ordered to stand by with
precautionary measures adopted and officers alerted to impose complete
censorship.
ooOOoo
